When spider mites attack a bean plant, the plant responds by producing odours which attract predatory mites.

These predatory mites then exterminate the spider mite population, thus acting as a type of "bodyguard" for the plant.

The research team studied the strength of the plant's "cry for help" through a chemical analysis of the plant odour blend and found that one of the odour components (beta-ocimene) is produced in much lower quantities if the plant is not only attacked by spider mites, but also by whiteflies.

The production of the odour decreases because of a lower expression rate of the plant gene that codes for a crucial enzyme in the production chain. When the researchers added ocimene to the odour of plants which were attacked by both species, the attraction of predatory mites was restored.

This recent breakthrough demonstrates that there are also herbivores that can interfere with a plant's "cry for help," possibly because the whiteflies attempt to interfere with the plant's defence system. Spider mites also produce more offspring on a plant under attack by whiteflies.

For a spider mite, there are therefore two reasons why a bean plant which is being attacked by whiteflies is better than a bean plant that is not being attacked: more offspring and fewer bodyguards. It is therefore no surprise that the researchers found that the spider mite preferred plants infested with whiteflies above plants without them.

The results of this study are significant for integrated crop protection in which a combination of methods can be used to fight various pests infesting a crop.

"Whitefly and spider mite on a bean plant. (Credit: Copyright Hans Smid / bugsinthepicture.com)"

Source: Wageningen University and Research Centre